[教程] 在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6

IPv6尚未全面普及。

本文是一篇旧文,首发在 https://zblogs.top/how-to-disable-ipv6-macos/

今天发现公司的 Mac mini 打开某些网站(e.g. 公司官网)不是很快。问了一下公司的 IT 部同事,他们建议我在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6 试试。

IPv6 是什么

IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6)是互联网协议的一种版本,它是IPv4(Internet Protocol version 4)的继承者。IPv6旨在解决IPv4中存在的IP地址不足的问题,以满足不断增长的互联网连接需求,并提供更多的IP地址。

以下是IPv6的一些主要特点和重要信息:

  1. 更多的IP地址: IPv4使用32位地址,最多支持大约42亿个唯一的IP地址。然而,随着全球互联网的扩展,IPv4地址池逐渐枯竭。IPv6采用128位地址,这几乎可以提供无限数量的唯一IP地址,足以支持未来互联网连接的需求。
  2. 改进的安全性: IPv6包括一些安全性功能,如IPsec(Internet Protocol Security),这有助于提高互联网通信的安全性,包括数据加密和身份验证。
  3. 简化的头部: IPv6的首部(Header)相对于IPv4更简化,减少了路由器处理数据包的开销,提高了路由效率。
  4. 地址分配: IPv6引入了更简单和更灵活的地址分配方式,包括自动配置和无状态地址配置,使网络管理更容易。
  5. 向后兼容性: 尽管IPv6和IPv4不是向后兼容的,但IPv6支持一种称为“双栈”(dual-stack)的配置方式,允许IPv6和IPv4共存,并逐渐过渡到IPv6。

IPv6的推广是为了满足全球互联网的增长,并确保足够的IP地址可用于连接各种设备,包括智能手机、物联网设备、云计算和其他新兴技术。虽然IPv4仍然广泛使用,但IPv6已经在全球范围内推广,并在互联网基础设施中发挥越来越重要的作用。许多互联网服务提供商和网络运营商已经开始支持IPv6,并逐渐过渡到使用IPv6。

目前很多网站并未全面支持 IPv6,如果发现在 Mac 开启 IPv6 后访问某些网站反而变慢了,那可以考虑禁用 IPv6。

macOS 禁用 IPv6 具体步骤

在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6 需要在终端上操作,具体步骤如下:

  1. 打开终端 app,运行以下命令,macOS 会提示你输入 Mac 登录密码。输入完密码后按下 Enter 键以查看 macOS 所有网络接口及其名称:

    sudo networksetup -listallnetworkservices
    sudo networksetup -listallnetworkservices
  2. 在终端 app 内输入以下命令依次在 Wi-Fi 和 以太网接口上禁用 IPv6:

    sudo networksetup -setv6off Wi-Fi
    sudo networksetup -setv6off Ethernet
    sudo networksetup -setv6off

执行完这两条命令后,你已在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6。

如何在 macOS 上重新启用 IPv6

如果将来需要在 macOS 上重新启用 IPv6,可在终端 app 上依次输入以下命令:

sudo networksetup -setv6automatic Ethernet

sudo networksetup -setv6automatic Wi-Fi


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