[教程] 在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6
IPv6尚未全面普及。
本文是一篇旧文，首发在 https://zblogs.top/how-to-disable-ipv6-macos/
今天发现公司的 Mac mini 打开某些网站（e.g. 公司官网）不是很快。问了一下公司的 IT 部同事，他们建议我在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6 试试。
IPv6 是什么
IPv6（Internet Protocol version 6）是互联网协议的一种版本，它是IPv4（Internet Protocol version 4）的继承者。IPv6旨在解决IPv4中存在的IP地址不足的问题，以满足不断增长的互联网连接需求，并提供更多的IP地址。
以下是IPv6的一些主要特点和重要信息：
- 更多的IP地址： IPv4使用32位地址，最多支持大约42亿个唯一的IP地址。然而，随着全球互联网的扩展，IPv4地址池逐渐枯竭。IPv6采用128位地址，这几乎可以提供无限数量的唯一IP地址，足以支持未来互联网连接的需求。
- 改进的安全性： IPv6包括一些安全性功能，如IPsec（Internet Protocol Security），这有助于提高互联网通信的安全性，包括数据加密和身份验证。
- 简化的头部： IPv6的首部（Header）相对于IPv4更简化，减少了路由器处理数据包的开销，提高了路由效率。
- 地址分配： IPv6引入了更简单和更灵活的地址分配方式，包括自动配置和无状态地址配置，使网络管理更容易。
- 向后兼容性： 尽管IPv6和IPv4不是向后兼容的，但IPv6支持一种称为“双栈”（dual-stack）的配置方式，允许IPv6和IPv4共存，并逐渐过渡到IPv6。
IPv6的推广是为了满足全球互联网的增长，并确保足够的IP地址可用于连接各种设备，包括智能手机、物联网设备、云计算和其他新兴技术。虽然IPv4仍然广泛使用，但IPv6已经在全球范围内推广，并在互联网基础设施中发挥越来越重要的作用。许多互联网服务提供商和网络运营商已经开始支持IPv6，并逐渐过渡到使用IPv6。
目前很多网站并未全面支持 IPv6，如果发现在 Mac 开启 IPv6 后访问某些网站反而变慢了，那可以考虑禁用 IPv6。
macOS 禁用 IPv6 具体步骤
在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6 需要在终端上操作，具体步骤如下：
- 打开终端 app，运行以下命令，macOS 会提示你输入 Mac 登录密码。输入完密码后按下 Enter 键以查看 macOS 所有网络接口及其名称：
sudo networksetup -listallnetworkservices
- 在终端 app 内输入以下命令依次在 Wi-Fi 和 以太网接口上禁用 IPv6：
sudo networksetup -setv6off Wi-Fisudo networksetup -setv6off Ethernet
执行完这两条命令后，你已在 macOS 上禁用 IPv6。
如何在 macOS 上重新启用 IPv6
如果将来需要在 macOS 上重新启用 IPv6，可在终端 app 上依次输入以下命令：
sudo networksetup -setv6automatic Ethernet
sudo networksetup -setv6automatic Wi-Fi
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